IndraLab

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"Furthermore, hydroxychloroquine prevents hepatic insulin degradation, increases peripheral use of glucose and suppresses gluconeogenesis [69]; hydroxychloroquine may be preferred in patients with disorders of insulin resistance, especially those due to corticosteroid use."

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"Hydroxychloroquine enhances insulin sensitivity and ameliorates abnormal lipid metabolism in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome."

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"Hydroxychloroquine prevents insulin degradation in the liver and suppresses gluconeogenesis, increasing peripheral utilization of glucose; so, it is particularly attractive to use in patients also treated with corticosteroids."

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"Additionally, HCQ elicits this hypoglycemic effect by reducing the rate of glucose receptor recycling, and also by promoting insulin dependent cellular uptake of glucose."

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"Mercer et al. [69] documented after 6 weeks of therapy with hydroxychloroquine in diabetic obese RA subjects a significant increase of insulin sensitivity, in the absence of improvement in inflammator[MISSING/INVALID CREDENTIALS: limited to 200 char for Elsevier]"

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"HCQ increases insulin sensitivity and reduces insulin resistance through its indirect effect by reducing inflammation [48]."

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"Mercer et al. [36]have postulated that HCQ may enhance insulin function in obese patients with metabolic disorders."

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"Smith et al. in 1987 described a significant improvement of glycemic values in few patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus treated with HCQ XREF_BIBR."

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"Patients with SLE taking an antimalarial agent have also been shown to have lower fasting blood glucose conentrations - a risk factor for premature atherosclerosis - compared with controls [XREF_BIBR], and one study demonstrated that hydroxychloroquine prolongs the half-life of the active insulin and receptor complex via inhibition of the insulin-receptor dissociation, thus augmenting insulin stimulated responses [XREF_BIBR]."

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"It is concluded that HCQ significantly elevated insulin blood concentration resulting in reduced glucose levels in a concentration dependent fashion in diabetic rats."

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"Proposed mechanisms include improving insulin sensitivity, enhancing insulin dependent glucose transport, and decreasing the degradation of intracellular insulin.S1 A study demonstrated that HCQ could increase insulin secretion and improve blood glucose levels in prediabetic patients.S2 Another trial also showed that chloroquine could lower glucose levels in diabetic patients with a similar mechanism.S3 HCQ induced hypoglycemia in the nondiabetic population is quite rare."

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"Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been found to significantly increase the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and show a tendency to reduce IR (as assessed by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) [XREF_BIBR]."

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"Hydroxychloroquine decreases insulin degradation at the cellular level, increases intracellular insulin accumulation, and stimulates insulin mediated glucose transport [XREF_BIBR]."