IndraLab

Statements

Hydroxychloroquine inhibits endocytosis. 21 / 21
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"CQ / HCQ also blocks the endocytosis of SARS-CoV-2 by suppressing the phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein."
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"Previous studies also demonstrate that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine elevate the pH of endosomes in the cells and directly inhibit endocytosis and the exocytic process (Munro et al, 1997; Devaux et al, 2020)."
34353886
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"Arbidol , chloroquine , and hydroxychloroquine block membrane fusion or endocytosis ."
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"In vitro analyses have indicated that hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine can prevent viral endocytosis [1]."
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"Approximately 200 trials of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine suppressed in vitro entry and endocytosis of the virus [30,31]."
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"Some drugs from the primary investigations that are used for COVID-19 are protease inhibitor lopinavir / ritonavir , nucleoside analogs , neuraminidase inhibitors , remdesivir , umifenovir ( arbidol ) , tenofovir disoproxil ( TDF ) , lamivudine ( 3TC ) and hydroxychloroquine , which blocks virus entry and endocytosis ( Lu , 2020 ) ( Figure 1 ) ."
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"20, 56 It has been suggested that CQ and/or HCQ prevent the virus membrane fusion and endocytosis to the target cells."
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"The investigational drugs which are being explored to target different steps of SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle in humans including inhibition of entry of virus into the target cell by inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor and transmembrane protease serine-2 ( TMPRSS2 ) by Olumiant ( baricitinib ) 7 and camostat mesylate , 8 respectively ; inhibition of the viral entry by inhibition of the membrane fusion and endocytosis by chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine 9 and umifenovir ( arbidol ) 10 ; inhibition of viral replication by protease inhibitors such as lopinavir 11 and darunavir ; and blockade of viral ribonucleic acid ( RNA ) synthesis by remdesivir , 12 ribavirin , 13 and favipravir ."
| PMC
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"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine inhibits viral entry and endocytosis of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro with beneficial immunomodulatory effects by reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines."
33707958
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"HCQ is known to inhibit endocytosis that is important for the viral entry into the cell [XREF_BIBR]."
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"Antivirals such as camostat mesylate (inhibitor of TMPRSS2), chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (inhibitor of endocytosis), lopinavir/darunavir (inhibitor of 3‑chymotrypsin-like protease) or ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravir (inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), or prednisolone should be restricted to controlled or randomized trials such as the worldwide WHO-cosponsored Solidarity Trial (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/solidarity-clinical-trial-for-covid-19-treatments)."
32322935
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"6 The investigational drugs which are being explored to target different steps of SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle in humans including inhibition of entry of virus into the target cell by inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor and transmembrane protease serine-2 ( TMPRSS2 ) by Olumiant ( baricitinib ) 7 and camostat mesylate , 8 respectively ; inhibition of the viral entry by inhibition of the membrane fusion and endocytosis by chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine 9 and umifenovir ( arbidol ) 10 ; inhibition of viral replication by protease inhibitors such as lopinavir 11 and darunavir ; and blockade of viral ribonucleic acid ( RNA ) synthesis by remdesivir , 12 ribavirin , 13 and favipravir ."
| PMC
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"Antivirals such as camostat mesylate (inhibitor of TMPRSS2), chloroquine/ hydroxychloroquine (inhibitor of endocytosis), lopinavir/darunavir (inhibitor of 3-chymotrypsin-like protease) or ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravir (inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), or prednisolone should be restricted to controlled or randomized trials such as the worldwide WHO-cosponsored Solidarity Trial (https://www."
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"Moreover, Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine prevent viral entry and endocytosis, and also play the role of potential immunomodulatory agents.The immune system components react to SARS-CoV-2 mainly related to the inter-individual variation in COVID-19 severity, whereas genes linked with the binding affinity to the ACE2 cell receptor and the viral entry at the early stages of infection, considerably determine thevariable COVID-19 severity and different susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection."
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"Concerning the molecular mechanism for their known antiviral activity, chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine was previously proposed to inhibit acidification of endosome and viral endocytosis."
33051297
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"HCQ is known to inhibit endocytosis that is important for the viral entry into the cell [ 4 ] ."
33426541
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"It is also known that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine inhibit viral endocytosis by raising the pH of endosome and lysosome which would interfere the endocytic membrane transportation of host cells."
33051297
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"Antivirals such as camostat mesylate (inhibitor of TMPRSS2), chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (inhibitor of endocytosis), lopinavir and darunavir (inhibitor of 3-chymotrypsin-like protease) or ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravir (inhibitor of RNA dependent RNA polymerase), or prednisolone should be restricted to controlled or randomized trials such as the worldwide WHO cosponsored Solidarity Trial (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/solidarity-clinical-trial-for-covid-19-treatments)."
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"Arbidol, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine block membrane fusion or endocytosis."
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"Previously proposed treatments for hospitalized patients included hydroxychloroquine, which thought to disrupt virus endocytosis, and lopinavir and ritonavir, which thought to inhibit SARs-CoV-2 main protease (Astuti and Ysrafil, 2020; Magro, 2020)."
33038452
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"Moreover, Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine prevent viral entry and endocytosis, and also play the role of potential immunomodulatory agents."
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