IndraLab

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Hydroxychloroquine inhibits endocytosis. 23 / 23
| 4 19
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"HCQ is known to inhibit endocytosis that is important for the viral entry into the cell [ 4 ] ."
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"Hydroxychloroquine is hypothesized to suppress viral entrance and endocytosis in vitro and may produce favorable effects of immunomodulation in vivo [63]."
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"Antivirals such as camostat mesylate (inhibitor of TMPRSS2), chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (inhibitor of endocytosis), lopinavir and darunavir (inhibitor of 3-chymotrypsin-like protease) or ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravir (inhibitor of RNA dependent RNA polymerase), or prednisolone should be restricted to controlled or randomized trials such as the worldwide WHO cosponsored Solidarity Trial (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/solidarity-clinical-trial-for-covid-19-treatments)."
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"The study showed the possible role of azithromycin as a complementary medication to hydroxychloroquine for the reduction of viral load.Potential mechanisms proposed for azithromycin halting viral replication include blocking endocytosis and the inhibition of viral genetic shedding from lysosomes."
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"Approximately 200 trials of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine suppressed in vitro entry and endocytosis of the virus [30,31]."
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"CQ / HCQ also blocks the endocytosis of SARS-CoV-2 by suppressing the phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein."
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"Arbidol , chloroquine , and hydroxychloroquine block membrane fusion or endocytosis ."
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"8 , 9 In addition, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and apilimod, two agents disrupting the endocytosis pathway, appeared to be more effective in Vero, Vero E6, and HEK293T cells that are TMPRSS2‐deficient but of little effect in Calu‐3 cells 8 , 9 , 12 , 24 , 53 (Table 1)."
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"Furthermore, we treated HPAEpiC cells with two endocytosis inhibitors, Dynasore (a cell permeable dynamin inhibitor) and HCQ (hydroxycloroquine) to block the endocytosis of the cells."
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"Previously proposed treatments for hospitalized patients included hydroxychloroquine, which thought to disrupt virus endocytosis, and lopinavir and ritonavir, which thought to inhibit SARs-CoV-2 main protease (Astuti and Ysrafil, 2020; Magro, 2020)."
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"HCQ alters the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2, can inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cell, and can inhibit both endocytosis and replication within cells [16–20]."
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"Previous studies also demonstrate that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine elevate the pH of endosomes in the cells and directly inhibit endocytosis and the exocytic process (Munro et al, 1997; Devaux et al, 2020)."
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"HCQ is known to inhibit endocytosis that is important for the viral entry into the cell [XREF_BIBR]."
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"20, 56 It has been suggested that CQ and/or HCQ prevent the virus membrane fusion and endocytosis to the target cells."
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"Concerning the molecular mechanism for their known antiviral activity, chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine was previously proposed to inhibit acidification of endosome and viral endocytosis."
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"HCQ inhibits the degradation of cargo derived externally (via endocytosis or phagocytosis) or internally (via the autophagy pathway) in autolysosomes by increasing the pH of endosomal compartments, impairing the maturation of lysosomes and autophagosomes, and inhibit auto-antigen presentation along the lysosomal pathway [7]."
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"Among them, HCQ, CQ, and NH Cl inhibit endocytosis of RBD by about 40%, with an inhibiting effect that was lower than dynasore."
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"In vitro analyses have indicated that hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine can prevent viral endocytosis [1]."
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"The investigational drugs which are being explored to target different steps of SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle in humans including inhibition of entry of virus into the target cell by inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor and transmembrane protease serine-2 ( TMPRSS2 ) by Olumiant ( baricitinib ) 7 and camostat mesylate , 8 respectively ; inhibition of the viral entry by inhibition of the membrane fusion and endocytosis by chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine 9 and umifenovir ( arbidol ) 10 ; inhibition of viral replication by protease inhibitors such as lopinavir 11 and darunavir ; and blockade of viral ribonucleic acid ( RNA ) synthesis by remdesivir , 12 ribavirin , 13 and favipravir ."
| PMC
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"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine inhibits viral entry and endocytosis of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro with beneficial immunomodulatory effects by reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines."
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"Some drugs from the primary investigations that are used for COVID-19 are protease inhibitor lopinavir / ritonavir , nucleoside analogs , neuraminidase inhibitors , remdesivir , umifenovir ( arbidol ) , tenofovir disoproxil ( TDF ) , lamivudine ( 3TC ) and hydroxychloroquine , which blocks virus entry and endocytosis ( Lu , 2020 ) ( Figure 1 ) ."
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"Moreover, Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine prevent viral entry and endocytosis, and also play the role of potential immunomodulatory agents."
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"It is also known that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine inhibit viral endocytosis by raising the pH of endosome and lysosome which would interfere the endocytic membrane transportation of host cells."
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